![]() ![]() Interpretation of radiographs has its limitations, which more or less depending on the individual’s knowledge of anatomy and clinical experience.īecause anatomical landmarks for measurements can sometimes be difficult to find or identify. Therefore, this chapter will summarize the basics of c-spine x-ray interpretation. Although current guidelines lead us to use CT scan for a suspected c-spine injury, c-spine x-rays are still valuable in some low resource settings and patient groups who are susceptible to radiation. Upper extremity deficit is greater than lower extremity deficit, because the lower extremity corticospinal tracts are located lateral in the cord.By Dejvid Ahmetović and Gregor Prosen IntroductionĬ-spine x-ray interpretation is one of the fundamental skills of emergency physicians.Frequently found in elderly with underlying spondylosis or younger people with severe extension injury (figure).It is unstable and is associated with a high incidence of cord damage. Flexion teardrop farcture is the result of extreme flection with axial loading.BID is unstable and is associated with a high incidence of cord damage. Bilateral interfacet dislocation is the result of extreme flection.Unilateral interfacet dislocation is due to both flexion and rotation.Unstable wedge fracture is an unstable flexion injury due to damage to both the anterior column (anterior wedge fracture) as the posterior column (interspinous ligament).Increased concavity along with increased density due to bony impaction. Simple wedge fracture is the result of a pure flexion injury.Since the anterior and middle columns remain intact, this fracture is stable. Anterior subluxation occurs when the posterior ligaments rupture.The most common fracture mechanism in cervical injuries is hyperflexion. Hyperextension with superimposed spondylosis.You can click on some of the images to get a larger image. In this overview we will discuss the most common cervical spine injuries. One third of injuries occur at the level of C2, and one half of injuries occur at the level of C6 or C7. Most cervical spine fractures occur predominantly at two levels. Up to 17% of patients have a missed or delayed diagnosis of cervical spine injury, with a risk of permanent neurologic deficit after missed injury of 29%. This review is based on a presentation given by Adam Flanders and adapted for the Radiology Assistant by Robin Smithuis.Īpproximately 3 % of patients who present to the emergency department as the result of a motor vehicle accident or fall have a major injury to the cervical spine.ġ0-20% patients with head injury also have a cervical spine injury. How to Differentiate Carotid Obstructions. ![]() ![]() Ankle fractures - Weber and Lauge-Hansen Classification.Ankle Fracture Mechanism and Radiography.TI-RADS - Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System.Head Neck tumors - When to think of malignancy.Anatomy and Pathology of the Infrahyoid Neck.Esophagus II: Strictures, Acute syndromes, Neoplasms and Vascular impressions.Pulmonary nodule - Benign versus Malignant.Mediastinal Masses - differential diagnosis.Esophagus I: anatomy, rings, inflammation.Vascular Anomalies of Aorta, Pulmonary and Systemic vessels.Contrast-enhanced MRA of peripheral vessels.Ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System 2.0.Bi-RADS for Mammography and Ultrasound 2013.Transvaginal Ultrasound for Non-Gynaecological Conditions.Acute Abdomen in Gynaecology - Ultrasound.Appendicitis - Pitfalls in US and CT diagnosis. ![]()
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